Not to be confused with Osteocalcin, Osteonectin or Osteoprotegerin OPG. Osteopontin OPN, also known as bone sialoprotein I BSP1 or BNSP, early Tlymphocyte. Overall, autoimmune diseases are common, affecting more than 23. Americans. They are a leading cause of death and disability. Some autoimmune diseases are. Canine distemper Wikipedia. This article is about a disease generally affecting animals in the order Carnivora. For other diseases known as distemper, see Distemper. Dog infected with canine distemper. Note the purulent nasal discharge and hyperkeratotic nose. Canine distemper sometimes termed hardpad disease in canine is a viraldisease that affects a wide variety of animal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, and large cats, as well as pinnipeds, some primates, and a variety of other species. It was long believed that animals in the family Felidae, including many species of large cat as well as domestic cats, were resistant to canine distemper, until some researchers reported the prevalence of CDV infection in large felids. It is now known that both large Felidae and domestic cats can be infected, usually through close housing with dogs12 or possibly blood transfusion from infected cats,1 but such infections appear to be self limiting and largely without symptoms. In canines, distemper impacts several body systems, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and the spinal cord and brain, with common symptoms that include high fever, eye inflammation and eyenose discharge, labored breathing and coughing, vomiting and diarrhea, loss of appetite and lethargy, and hardening of nose and footpads. The viral infection can be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can present eventual serious neurological symptoms. Canine distemper is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae the same family of the viruses that causes measles, mumps, and bronchiolitis in humans. The disease is highly contagious via inhalation and fatal 5. Despite extensive vaccination in many regions, it remains a major disease of dogs, and is the leading cause of infectious disease death in dogs. The origin of the word distemper is from the Middle Englishdistemperen, meaning to upset the balance of the humors, which is from the Old Frenchdestemprer, meaning to disturb, which is from the Vulgar Latindistemperare Latin dis and Latin temperare, meaning to not mix properly. Clinical signseditAs Mc. Leod notes, Canine distemper causes symptoms in multiple body systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and the brain and spinal cord, and common symptoms in that species can include high fever, eye and nose discharge and eye inflammation, vomiting and diarrhea, lethargy and loss of appetite, labored breathing andor coughing, and hardening of footpads and nose, with accompanying bacterial infection and eventual serious neurological symptoms. Gastrointestinal and respiratory signseditCommonly observed signs are a runny nose, vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, excessive salivation, coughing andor labored breathing, loss of appetite, and weight loss. When and if the neurological signs develop, incontinence may ensue. Neurological signseditThe signs within the central nervous system include a localized involuntary twitching of muscles or groups of muscles, seizures often distinguished by salivation, and jaw movements commonly described as chewing gum fits, or more appropriately as distemper myoclonus. I/815-OBKGtML._SX522_.jpg' alt='Free Download Mune ' title='Free Download Mune ' />As the condition progresses, the seizures worsen and advance to grand mal convulsions followed by death of the animal. The animal may also show signs of sensitivity to light, incoordination, circling, increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as pain or touch, and deterioration of motor capabilities. Less commonly, they may lead to blindness and paralysis. The length of the systemic disease may be as short as 1. Those few that survive usually have a small tic or twitch of varying levels of severity. With time, this tic will usually diminish somewhat in its severity. Lasting signseditA dog that survives distemper will continue to have both nonlife threatening and life threatening signs throughout its lifespan. Mp4 Movies For Ipod The Book Of Life. The most prevalent nonlife threatening symptom is hard pad disease. This occurs when a dog experiences the thickening of the skin on the pads of its paws as well as on the end of its nose. Another lasting symptom commonly is enamel hypoplasia. Puppies, especially, will have damage to the enamel of teeth that are not completely formed or those that have not yet grown through the gums. This is a result of the viruss killing the cells responsible for manufacturing the tooth enamel. These affected teeth tend to erode quickly. Life threatening signs usually include those due to the degeneration of the nervous system. Dogs that have been infected with distemper tend to suffer a progressive deterioration of mental abilities and motor skills. With time, the dog can acquire more severe seizures, paralysis, reduction in sight and incoordination. These dogs are usually humanely euthanized because of the immense pain and suffering they face. VirologyeditDistemper is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which is a close relative of the viruses that cause measles in humans and rinderpest in animals. Host rangeeditDistemper, or hardpad disease in canines,1. Canidae dog, fox, wolf, Raccoon dog, Mustelidae ferret, mink, skunk, wolverine, marten, badger, otter,71. Procyonidae raccoon, coati, Ailuridae red panda, Ursidae bear, Elephantidae Asian elephant, and some primates e. Japanese monkey,7 as well as Viverridae raccoon like South Asiancitation needed binturong, palm civet,7Hyaenidae hyena,citation neededPinnipedia seals, walrus, sea lion, etc. Felidae cats,7 though not domestic cats. In a captive population of Giant Pandas in China, Shanxi Rare Wild Animal Rescue and Research Center six of 2. Pandas were infected by CDV. All but one infected panda died the survivor had previously been vaccinated. MechanismeditCanine distemper virus, an enveloped single stranded negative RNA virus, affects nearly all body systems. Puppies from three to 6 months old are particularly susceptible. CDV spreads through aerosol droplets and through contact with infected bodily fluids, including nasal and ocular secretions, feces, and urine, 6 to 2. It can also be spread by food and water contaminated with these fluids. The time between infection and disease is 1. Canine distemper virus tends to orient its infection towards the lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues. The virus initially replicates in the lymphatic tissue of the respiratory tract. The virus then enters the blood stream and infects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, epithelial, and central nervous systems, and optic nerves. Therefore, the typical pathologic features of canine distemper include lymphoid depletion causing immunosuppression and leading to secondary infections, interstitial pneumonia, encephalitis with demyelination, and hyperkeratosis of the nose and foot pads. The virus first appears in bronchial lymph nodes and tonsils two days after exposure. The virus then enters the blood stream on the second or third day. A first round of acute fever tends to begin around three to eight days after infection, which is often accompanied by a low white blood cell count, especially of lymphocytes, as well as low platelet count. These signs may or may not be accompanied by anorexia, a runny nose, and discharge from the eye. This first round of fever typically recedes rapidly within 9. Gastrointestinal and respiratory problems tend to follow, which may become complicated with secondary bacterial infections. Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, otherwise known as encephalomyelitis, either is associated with this, subsequently follows, or comes completely independent of these problems.